Probiotics are live microorganisms that have various health benefits, especially to the digestive system. Alternatively, probiotics have been defined as live microbial feed supplements that beneficially affect the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance. At present, several well-characterized strains of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria are available for human use to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) infections or treat such infections. The mechanisms by which probiotics exert their effects are largely unknown but may involve modifying gut pH, antagonizing pathogens through production of antimicrobial compounds, competing for pathogen binding.
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